All these have a wide range of examples (in English—or in the case of Ref. 4, American) and informative introductions. Ref. 2 includes nine different attempts to translate a famous Basho haiku.
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Title |
Translator/Editor |
Published |
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1 |
The Penguin Book of Japanese Verse |
Geoffrey Bownas and Anthony Thwaite |
1964, |
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2 |
The Penguin Book of Zen Poetry |
Lucien Stryk and Takashi Ikemoto |
1977 |
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3 |
On Love and Barley—Haiku of Basho |
Lucien Stryk |
Penguin, 1985 |
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4 |
The Sound of Water—Haiku by Basho, Buson, Issa and Other Poets |
Sam Hamill |
Shambhala, 1995 |
Mostly drawn from the above.
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Haikai renga |
A chain of haiku on one theme, not necessarily all by one author. Terimati's masterworks include several examples. The 'Frog in Pool'; renga echoes a famous haiku by Basho—here with Stryk and Thwaite translations:
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Karumi |
'lightness of touch'—the best haiku do not plod or shout |
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Kake kotoba |
'pivot words', a word with more than one sense or meaning which pivots the haiku or other Japanese poem, it shades into the pun. |
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Kigi |
'season words'—classical haiku always include one. Apparently in Japan you can buy lists of them —which sounds a bit anoraky. The mind's deep jewels |
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Kireji |
'cutting word', a word which divides the condition or situation from the sudden perception. Can be rendered in English by the dash. |
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Senryu |
A more informal haiku form, it does not aspire to Zen or insist on season words, colloquialisms are allowed. Reference 1 lists 60 of them—here is an example: A horse farts Many of Terimati’s masterpieces are in fact senryu |
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Shasei |
'On the spot composition' of a haiku 'linked to its inspiration origins'. |
While most of the haiku in the Bonsai Forest in principle self explain, a few draw a more general message from a particular experience. To help the interested reader (rather than provide help to those writing essays or theses on the Great Terimati) the following notes are offered.
The origin and identity of Duo Terimati are interestingly obscure. His emergence as a key reviving force on the haiku form at the millennium's turn is not in dispute. That he - granted that both his gender and cardinality are not known for certain - grew out of the world of the Internet and information technology can also be taken as accepted. Beyond that, all is conjecture. The name Terimati has caused more heat than light - but the fact that in Japanese Teru means 'shine' and Matu means 'again' suggests that perhaps Terimati is an incorrect transliteration. We should perhaps know the Great Master as Terumatu. 'Shining Again' surely encapsulates the revivified quality of the haiku form in his hands. And as to his identity we are faced with the same problem that we have when attempting to explain Homer, Chaucer, Ossian, or, in another context, the sudden emergence of complex life forms in the Cambrian Era. How could such enormous variety and sophistication emerge suddenly from the preceding thin darkness? The now discredited idea, that Terimati was in fact two middle aged chaps called Terry and Martin having a bit of fun, seems to us as an unsatisfactory explanation. As unsatisfactory as believing that Shakespeare - with (and indeed to) whom Terimati has sometimes been compared - was the son of a prosperous farmer in a small Midlands town. But does the enigma matter? As with Shakespeare, there is the possibility that some of the works were written by, or with at least the collaboration of, others. Terimati - the core of Terimati that is - has acknowledged both the contribution and the worth of his 'Great Disciples', also known as the 'Basho Street Kids'. All this may be a problem for scholars - but not at all for that much larger college - his devotees. Wheresoever it came, Terimati's work undoubtedly exists. Read on and enjoy.
The first thing the GM does with an Alien Haiku Attempt (an AHA) is isolate it - after all it could have come from afar, both physically and culturally, and one cannot be too careful. Wearing protective clothing (only last week poor Cilla Bull was hit by a triple entendre) Cilla does a syllable count and Ike Hughes does a structural analysis, checking for cutting words, season words and so on. Then, when no-one is looking, the GM gets out his hand held device. This is, wait for it, his 'haikometer'. Its insides are both classified and complex but are known to include zen detectors, poetry sensors and influence analysers. The AHA and Ike and Cil's analysis are keyed in and the Phase 1 button is pressed... Out comes
In Phase 2 a distributed database is created so both instantiations and the BSK can try to ask and answer the following questions:
And so on...